Using:

text.capitalize()

Example:

"praful kumar".capitalize()

Generators are special iterators created using yield.

They produce values one at a time, saving memory.

Example:

Generators are lazy, fast, and memory-efficient.

Single-line comment

Multi-line comment (docstring style)

"""

Block comment

"""

GIL is a lock in CPython that allows only one thread to execute Python bytecode at a time.

Effects:

• Prevents true parallel execution of threads
• Python threads are ideal for I/O-bound tasks
• Not ideal for CPU-bound tasks

(Use multiprocessing for parallel CPU work.)

Django

• Full-featured framework
• Built-in authentication, ORM, admin panel
• Great for large, structured applications

Flask

• Lightweight and flexible
• Choose your own components
• Perfect for microservices, APIs, prototypes

Which is better?

Depends on your project:

• Large enterprise project → Django
• Small service, API, or custom architecture → Flask

Flask is a lightweight, micro web framework.

Benefits

• Minimal and flexible
• Easy to learn
• Extensible with many plugins
• Perfect for APIs and microservices
• Less overhead, fast development

Example minimal app:

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")

PIP is Python’s package manager.

Used to install, upgrade, and uninstall packages.

Examples:

pip install django

pip install flask

pip uninstall numpy

pip list

It connects to the Python Package Index (PyPI).